Федеральный указ-закон № 34 от 2021 года о борьбе с распространением ложной информации и киберпреступлениями

Статьи

1. Статья FDL-34-2021, Article 1

   Article 1 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 establishes the law's scope and application. It defines the regulatory framework for combating rumours and cybercrimes within the UAE. The article sets out that this law applies to offences committed through information technology systems, electronic networks, and digital means. It encompasses crimes that threaten public safety, national security, and the stability of the state's information infrastructure. The law applies to both residents and non-residents who commit such offences within UAE territory or target UAE entities, systems, or citizens.

2. Статья Article 2, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 2 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 defines key terms used throughout the cybercrime legislation. These definitions establish the legal framework for identifying electronic systems, data, and digital communications subject to protection. The article clarifies what constitutes a computer system, information network, and electronic data for purposes of criminal liability. Precise definitions ensure consistent application of the law across prosecution and judicial proceedings, enabling authorities to address cybercrimes involving unauthorized access, data theft, system interference, and digital fraud. Understanding these foundational terms is essential for determining whether conduct violates provisions protecting critical infrastructure and personal information in the UAE's digital environment.

3. Статья Article 3, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 3 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 establishes foundational definitions and scope for cybercrime offences. The article delineates what constitutes cybercrimes under UAE law, including unauthorised access to computer systems, data interference, and system disruption. It clarifies that cybercrimes encompass both deliberate and negligent acts that harm information systems, networks, or digital data. The provision sets the legal framework for subsequent articles by defining key terminology and establishing that cybercrimes can occur across borders and jurisdictions. These definitions are essential for determining criminal liability and applying appropriate penalties under the decree-law.

4. Статья Article 4 - Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 4 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses prohibited conduct related to computer systems and networks. It establishes criminal liability for unauthorized access to, interference with, or disruption of information systems, networks, and data. The article covers offences including hacking, system intrusion, data theft, and sabotage. Penalties are prescribed for individuals who intentionally commit such acts without authorization. The law protects critical infrastructure and private systems from cyber attacks, ensuring the security and integrity of electronic communications and information systems across the UAE.

5. Статья Article 5, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 5 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision prohibits intentionally accessing, intercepting, or disrupting information systems without authorization. Penalties apply to those who breach system security or intercept electronic communications. The law recognizes that cybercriminals may employ various technical methods to gain illicit access. Exceptions exist for authorized security testing and law enforcement activities. Violations carry imprisonment and fines proportionate to the severity and intent of the offense, reflecting the jurisdiction's commitment to protecting critical digital infrastructure and private communications.

6. Статья Article 6 — Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 6 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 establishes penalties for unauthorized access to computer systems or networks. It prohibits intentionally entering or remaining in any information system without permission, or breaching security measures to access data. Violations incur imprisonment up to two years and/or fines up to AED 150,000. Enhanced penalties apply if the offense targets critical infrastructure or government systems, reflecting the law's emphasis on protecting UAE's digital security and national interests.

7. Статья Article 7, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 7 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses penalties for unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision establishes criminal liability for individuals who intentionally access information systems without authorization or exceed their authorized access rights. Penalties include imprisonment and fines, with enhanced sanctions when the offense involves government or critical infrastructure systems. The law recognizes the serious nature of cybersecurity breaches and aims to deter unauthorized intrusion into protected digital environments.

8. Статья Article 8, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

   Article 8 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision establishes penalties for individuals who intentionally access, breach, or interfere with computer systems, networks, or data without authorization. This includes accessing protected information, disrupting system operations, or modifying data. The law recognizes varying degrees of culpability and may impose imprisonment and fines depending on the severity and consequences of the unauthorized access. The provision aims to protect critical infrastructure, personal data, and system integrity against cyber intrusions and malicious activities.

9. Статья FDL-34-2021, Article 9

   Article 9 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses criminal penalties for unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision establishes that individuals who intentionally access, use, or breach computer systems without authorization face imprisonment and fines. The law distinguishes between simple unauthorized access and access that causes damage, imposing more severe penalties for the latter. This article protects critical infrastructure and private digital assets by criminalizing hacking and intrusion attempts, with penalties scaled according to the harm caused and the nature of accessed data.

10. Статья Article 10, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

    Article 10 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses penalties for unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision establishes criminal sanctions for individuals who intentionally access, without lawful authority, any computer system, network, or data. Penalties include imprisonment and fines, with enhanced sentences for cases involving damage to systems, theft of data, or disruption of services. The law distinguishes between different degrees of severity based on the nature and extent of the unauthorized access and resulting harm.

11. Статья Article 11, FDL-34-2021

    Article 11 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision criminalizes deliberately accessing information systems without permission, including attempts to breach security measures or exploit vulnerabilities. Violations carry penalties including imprisonment and fines. The law recognizes both direct access and remote intrusion as criminal offenses. Exceptions apply to authorized security testing and law enforcement activities. This article forms a cornerstone of the cybercrime framework, protecting critical infrastructure and private digital assets from unauthorized interference.

12. Статья Article 12, FDL-34-2021

    Article 12 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses penalties for unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision establishes criminal liability for individuals who intentionally access, without authorization, any computer system, network, or data. Penalties include imprisonment and fines, with enhanced sentences for repeat offenses or aggravated circumstances. The law recognizes that such unauthorized access constitutes a serious cybercrime threatening information security and system integrity within the UAE.

13. Статья Article 13, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021

    Article 13 of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 addresses penalties for unauthorized access to information systems and networks. The provision establishes criminal sanctions against individuals who intentionally access computer systems, networks, or data without permission, or who exceed authorized access limits. Penalties vary based on the nature and severity of the offense, ranging from imprisonment and fines depending on whether the breach causes damage, theft, or disruption to critical systems. The law recognizes graduated culpability, with enhanced penalties when the unauthorized access compromises sensitive government, financial, or personal data.

14. Статья Article 14, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on Combating Rumours and Cybercrimes

    Article 14 of FDL-34-2021 addresses penalties for unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. The provision establishes criminal liability for individuals who intentionally breach, penetrate, or access any information system or network without authorization. Penalties include imprisonment and fines, with enhanced sentences if the offense causes material damage, data loss, or disrupts essential services. The law distinguishes between different severity levels based on the nature of the accessed information and resulting harm. These provisions protect critical infrastructure and private data systems from unauthorized intrusion, establishing a legal framework for cybersecurity enforcement.

15. Статья Article 43

    Defamation via electronic means: penalty includes imprisonment and/or fine; damages may also be awarded.